Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug, and arguably one of the most debated. Chronic cannabis use has been associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes, risky behaviour, cannabis use disorders and mental health problems. The adverse outcomes of cannabis use have been ascribed to neurobiological alterations. Yet, the neurobiological mechanisms of cannabis use are far to be mapped with precision. This talk will overview emerging findings from neuroimaging studies and global consortia on the neurobiology of cannabis use and key moderators to help identify which cannabis users might be most vulnerable to brain harms and worse psychosocial function.